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The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all U.S. national parks, many American national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Designation of National Park System Units )〕 It was created on August 25, 1916, by Congress through the National Park Service Organic Act.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The National Park Service Organic Act )〕 It is an agency of the United States Department of the Interior. Most of the direct management of the NPS is delegated by the Secretary of the Interior to the National Park Service Director, who must be confirmed by the Senate. 21,989 employees of the NPS oversee units, of which 59 are designated national parks.〔Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2008, National Park Service〕 The National Park Service will celebrate its centennial in 2016. On January 1, 2016, Pasadena Tournament of Roses will help kick off the celebration at the 2016 Rose Parade.〔Chris Elkins, (National Park Service director visits Tupelo ), ''Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal'', January 16, 2013〕 The theme of the 2016 parade is "Find Your Adventure", announced by Tournament President Mike Matthiessen for the 127th Rose Parade after taking office on January 15, 2015.〔(Mike Matthiessen Elected President of 2016 Tournament of Roses® ), Tournament of Roses, January 15, 2015〕〔(America's National Parks and America's New Year Celebration® Team Up for Adventure in 2016 ), National Park Service, January 27, 2015〕 ==History== (詳細はbusiness magnate and conservationist Stephen Mather, as well as J. Horace McFarland. With the help of journalist Robert Sterling Yard, Mather ran a publicity campaign for the Department of the Interior. They wrote numerous articles that praised the scenic and historic qualities of the parks and their possibilities for educational, inspirational, and recreational benefits.〔Sutter, p. 102〕 This campaign resulted in the creation of a National Park Service. On August 25, 1916, President Woodrow Wilson signed a bill that mandated the agency "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."〔Sutter, p. 104〕 Mather became the first director of the newly formed NPS.〔Albright, Horace M. as told to Robert Cahn; ''The Birth of the National Park Service; The Founding Years, 1913–33''; Howe Brothers, Salt Lake City, Utah; 1985.〕 On March 3, 1933, President Herbert Hoover signed the Reorganization Act of 1933. The act would allow the President to reorganize the executive branch of the United States government. It wasn't until later that summer when the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, made use of this power. Deputy Director Horace M. Albright had suggested to President Roosevelt that the historic sites from the American Civil War should be managed by the National Park Service, rather than the War Department. President Roosevelt agreed and issued two Executive orders to make it happen. These two executive orders not only transferred to the National Park Service all the War Department historic sites, but also the national monuments managed by the Department of Agriculture and the parks in and around the capital, which had been run by an independent office.〔The National Parks: Shaping the System; National Park Service, Dept of the Interior; 1991; pg 24〕 In 1951, Conrad Wirth became director of the National Park Service and went to work on bringing park facilities up to the standards that the public expected. The demand for parks after the end of the World War II had left the parks overburdened with demands that could not be met. In 1952, with the support of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he began Mission 66, a ten-year effort to upgrade and expand park facilities for the 50th anniversary of the Park Service. New parks were added to preserve unique resources and existing park facilities were upgraded and expanded.〔 In 1966, as the Park Service turned 50 years old, emphasis began to turn from just saving great and wonderful scenery and unique natural features to making parks accessible to the public. Director George Hartzog began the process with the creation of the National Lakeshores and then National Recreation Areas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Park Service」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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